While HPV does cause cervical cancer , the risk of developing cervical cancer from the virus is still quite low. For 90 percent of women with HPV, the condition will clear up on its own within two years.
Only a small number of women who have one of the HPV strains that cause cervical cancer will ever actually develop the disease. Cervical dysplasia, where cell changes occur in the cervix at the opening to the uterus, is a more common outcome from HPV infection.
One of the biggest — but lesser-known — dangers of HPV involves the risk of head and neck cancer, with HPV spreading to the throat via oral sex. While women can get these cancers, most of the people who get it are heterosexual males.
There is currently no way to screen for it, making it all the more important that parents get their children — including boys — vaccinated. If you or your child has warts of any kind that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your doctor. HPV infection occurs when the virus enters your body, usually through a cut, abrasion or small tear in your skin.
The virus is transferred primarily by skin-to-skin contact. Genital HPV infections are contracted through sexual intercourse, anal sex and other skin-to-skin contact in the genital region. Some HPV infections that result in oral or upper respiratory lesions are contracted through oral sex. If you're pregnant and have an HPV infection with genital warts, it's possible your baby may get the infection. Rarely, the infection may cause a noncancerous growth in the baby's voice box larynx.
Warts are contagious. They can spread through direct contact with a wart. Warts can also spread when someone touches something that already touched a wart. HPV infections are common. Risk factors for HPV infection include:. It's difficult to prevent HPV infections that cause common warts.
If you have a common wart, you can prevent the spread of the infection and formation of new warts by not picking at a wart and not biting your nails. To reduce the risk of contracting HPV infections that cause plantar warts, wear shoes or sandals in public pools and locker rooms.
You can reduce your risk of developing genital warts and other HPV -related genital lesions by:. Gardasil 9 is an HPV vaccine approved by the U. Food and Drug Administration and can be used for males and females to protect against cervical cancer and genital warts. It's ideal for girls and boys to receive the vaccine before they have sexual contact and are exposed to HPV. Research has shown that receiving the vaccine at a young age isn't linked to an earlier start of sexual activity.
Once someone is infected with HPV , the vaccine might not be as effective or might not work at all. Also, response to the vaccine is better at younger ages than older ones. But, if given before someone is infected, the vaccine can prevent most cases of cervical cancer. Younger adolescents ages 9 and 10 and teens ages 13 and 14 can also receive vaccination on the updated two-dose schedule. Research has shown that the two-dose schedule is effective for children under Teens and young adults who begin the vaccine series later, at ages 15 through 26, should continue to receive three doses of the vaccine.
A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by looking at the genital area. HPV can cause cervical and other cancers including cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils called oropharyngeal cancer.
Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV. There is no way to know which people who have HPV will develop cancer or other health problems. They may also be more likely to develop health problems from HPV. Get vaccinated.
The HPV vaccine is safe and effective. It can protect against diseases including cancers caused by HPV when given in the recommended age groups. Get screened for cervical cancer. Routine screening for women aged 21 to 65 years old can prevent cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is recommended at age 11 or 12 years or can start at age 9 years and for everyone through age 26 years, if not vaccinated already. Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get the HPV vaccine after speaking with their healthcare provider about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination.
HPV vaccination in this age range provides less benefit. Most sexually active adults have already been exposed to HPV, although not necessarily all of the HPV types targeted by vaccination. Progression of cervical low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: In search of prognostic biomarkers. DOI: If you have HSIL, it means the changes to cervical cells are more severely abnormal. Without treatment, HSIL may develop into cervical cancer.
At this point, your doctor might recommend other tests such as colposcopy and biopsy, and removal of the abnormal areas. Tai YJ, et al. Clinical management and risk reduction in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology: A population-based cohort study. How many cancers are linked with HPV each year? If you have normal results, you can probably go back to your regular screening schedule.
This is especially true for teens and young women. In excisional treatment, cervical tissue is removed and sent to a laboratory for further analysis. There are two ways to do this:. Ablative treatment is another possible treatment your doctor may recommend.
Ablative treatment destroys the abnormal tissue. It can be done in two ways:. In these cases, no treatment or recovery is needed. If your immune system is having a hard time fighting off the HPV infection, your doctor may recommend excisional treatment. Excisional and ablative treatments are all outpatient procedures. You may have some discomfort for a few days.
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