Finding a detectable amount of phthalate metabolites in urine does not mean the levels will cause harmful health effects. Biomonitoring studies measure levels of chemicals, such as phthalate metabolites, that people have in their bodies.
Levels that are not likely to cause harm are called reference values. Physicians and public health officials use reference values to decide if people have been exposed to higher levels of these chemicals than are found in the general population. Biomonitoring data can help scientists plan and conduct research on exposure and health effects. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
National Biomonitoring Program. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Phthalates Factsheet. Minus Related Pages. For instance, phthalates help keep your nail polish from cracking. They're also found in shampoos and lotions. Dental sealants: Here's yet another reason to brush your teeth although, fair warning: toothbrushes can contain phthalates. Kids' toys: Phthalates can be found in kids' toys, rattles and teethers.
The biggest risk comes from items children place in their mouths. Canned food: BPA epoxy resins can leach into your food from the lining of metal food cans. Here are answers to questions consumers often ask about these ingredients. Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in hundreds of products, such as toys, vinyl flooring and wall covering, detergents, lubricating oils, food packaging, pharmaceuticals, blood bags and tubing, and personal care products, such as nail polish, hair sprays, aftershave lotions, soaps, shampoos, perfumes and other fragrance preparations.
Historically, the primary phthalates used in cosmetic products have been dibutylphthalate DBP , used as a plasticizer in products such as nail polishes to reduce cracking by making them less brittle ; dimethylphthalate DMP , used in hair sprays to help avoid stiffness by allowing them to form a flexible film on the hair ; and diethylphthalate DEP , used as a solvent and fixative in fragrances.
DEP is the only phthalate still commonly used in cosmetics. It's not clear what effect, if any, phthalates have on human health. An expert panel convened from to by the National Toxicology Program NTP , part of the National Institute for Environmental Safety and Health , concluded that reproductive risks from exposure to phthalates were minimal to negligible in most cases.
One group of chemicals surveyed was phthalates. However, the CDC survey was not intended to make an association between the presence of environmental chemicals in human urine and disease, but rather to learn more about the extent of human exposure to industrial chemicals.
Looking at maximum known concentrations of these ingredients in cosmetics, the panel evaluated phthalate exposure and toxicity data, and conducted a safety assessment for dibutylphthalate in cosmetic products. The panel found that exposures to phthalates from cosmetics were low compared to levels that would cause adverse effects in animals.
The CIR is an industry-sponsored organization that reviews cosmetic ingredient safety and publishes its results in open, peer-reviewed literature. FDA reviewed the safety and toxicity data for phthalates, including the CDC data from , as well as the CIR conclusions based on reviews in and While the CDC report noted elevated levels of phthalates excreted by women of child-bearing age, neither this report nor the other data reviewed by FDA established an association between the use of phthalates in cosmetic products and a health risk.
FDA continues to monitor levels of phthalates in cosmetic products. We have developed an analytical method for determining the levels of phthalates in cosmetic products and conducted surveys of products to determine these levels in cosmetics on the market. Hubinger and D. Havery, Journal of Cosmetic Science , , vol. We conducted a second survey in Hubinger, Journal of Cosmetic Science, , vol. Results of a third survey, concluded in , are shown below in the table, Laboratory Survey of Cosmetics Products for Phthalate Esters.
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